Site investigations or subsurface explorations are done for obtaining the information about subsurface conditions at the site of proposed construction. Site investigations in one form or the other is generally required for every big civil engineering project. Information about the surface and sub-surface features is essential for the design of structures and for planning construction […]
Negative Skin Friction in Piles – How To Solve
Skin friction is a very important factor in civil engineering construction. In so many mega-structures, skin friction concept is used including the great “Burj-Al-Arab” to solve the impediments imposed during the construction. But negative skin friction is a factor we should always aware of. It can cause serious damage to the structure because of improper knowledge. […]
Pile Foundation | Concrete Piles, Steel Piles, Timber Piles and Composite Piles
Pile Foundation A pile is a slender structural member made of steel, concrete or timber. In pile foundation, a pile is either driven into the soil and or formed in-situ by excavating a hole and filling it with concrete. There are piles made of different types of materials used in pile foundation. Generally four types […]
Mat or Raft Foundation | Advantages and Disadvantages of Raft Foundation
Raft Foundation Mat or raft foundation is a large slab supporting a number of columns and walls under the entire structure or a large part of the structure to lower the contact pressure compared to spread footing. When Mat/Raft Foundation is Recommended It is recommended for the following purposes. Bearing capacity of soil is low, […]
The Differences Between Weathering and Erosion | Weathering Vs Erosion
Weathering and Erosion Weathering and erosion are sometimes misjudged by thinking that they are the same thing or somewhat similar. But the fact is weathering and erosion are completely different actions with different mechanism. The similarity between these two action is that they both are parts of a single process called Denudation, lowering of the […]
Classification of Lakes To Degree of Enrichment With Nutrients and Organic Natter
Lakes are inland water bodies, small to moderately large in size, with their surface exposed to the atmosphere. Most lakes fill depressions below the zone of saturation in the surrounding soil and rock materials. Also most lakes have a surface area less than 100 square miles. The largest fresh water body Lake Superior in North America […]
